| Characteristic Symptoms: | |
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Deformity begins early but symptoms appear to become more severe as the fruit gets older. |
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Bumpy appearance is a result of localized areas of the fruit being affected by the deficiency and cease to increase in size. |
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Adjacent unafected tissue continues to increase and result in a misshapen, bumpy appearance. |
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Earliest symptoms usually occur in the young, developing fruits where bleeding of latex and initial deformation becomes evident. |
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Seeds in affected fruit are often aborted or poorly developed and vascular bundles are often darkened. Under severe deficiency situations, height growth of trees may be affected causing a slight rosette effect and an associated stunting. |
| Management and Control: | |
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Foliar applications of 0.25% borax (Na2B4O7·10H2O) and ground applications with 1-3 kg/ha elemental boron have been effective in raising petiole boron levels and the prevention of deficiency symptoms on fruits subsequently formed.
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| References: | |
| http://www.extento.hawaii.edu/kbase/crop/type/boropap.htm | |
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