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Causal Agent: 

Potyvirus (Chilli veinal mottle virus or ChiVMV)

Characteristic Symptoms:
 
Symptoms may vary in type and intensity depending on the virus strain, variety and time of infection.
   
Mosaic and mottle develop on leaves at the early stage of infection.
   
Green vein-banding and leaf distortion develop at the advance stage of infection.
   
In some varieties, fruits are mottled, deformed and may show yellow or green bands.
   
Plants infected at the early stage may become stunted.
   
Transmission and Spread:
 
The virus is transmitted in nature by 7 species of aphids, including Myzus persicae in a non-persistent manner (aphid can acquire the virus from infected plant for only a few seconds while feeding and then transmits the virus immediately on the next feeding).
   
The virus has a limited host range (confined to solanaceous).
   
Infected volunteer pepper plants in the field serve as sources of primary inoculum.
   
The virus is not transmitted through seed.
   
Can be transmitted mechanically and by grafting.
   
Management and Control:
 
Use resistant varieties, if available.
   
Use virus-free seeds and seedlings.
   
Remove infected plants as early as virus symptoms are observed to prevent/minimize spread of the virus by aphids.
   
Disinfect tools, farm implements with chlorine solution before moving from diseased areas to healthy areas.
   
Control/minimize aphid population by using plastic mulch, yellow sticky traps and/or use of insecticides such as azadirachtin (neem), cartap hydrochloride (e.g.  PadanⓇ, Barena 50 SP, Gemtrak®), acetamiprid (e.g. MospilanⓇ), acephate (e.g. AcetamⓇ, CompeteⓇ), chlorphenapyr (e.g. Kotetsu) or penthoate (e.g. PennantⓇ, VidexⓇ) and acephate (e.g. Compete®).
   

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